Return to books for sale- Under Mount Saint Elias

Here is the table of contents and list of illustrations for the 3 volumes I am selling (with page numbers)

Contents
To THE PEOPLE OF YAKUTAT v
PREFACE ix

INTRODUCTION 3
Basic assumptions and aims 4
Conduct of the fieldwork 8
Transcription of native words 11

THE LAND AND ITS PEOPLE 13
Introduction to Yakutat 15
The Tlingit world 15
The Gulf Coast of Alaska 16
The Gulf Coast tribes 17
Ecology of the Yakutat Bay area 21
Geography and geology 21
Geological changes 24
Climate 29
Flora 30
Mammals 35
Amphibia 41
Birds 42
Fish 50
Marine invertebrates and seaweed 55
Insects 56

THE HOMELAND OF THE YAKUTAT TLINGIT 57
Yakutat Bay 58
The west side of Yakutat Bay 59
The east side of Yakutat Bay 61 Disenchantment Bay and Russell Fiord 67
Yakutat Bay to Dry Bay 71
The Ankau lagoon system 73
Lost River to Italio River 76
The Dry Bay area 81
The Alsek River 85
Cape Fairweather and Lituya Bay 90
The Gulf Coast west of Yakutat Bay 95
IcyBay 95
Icy Bay to Copper River 98

THROUGH ALIEN EYES: A HISTORY OF YAKUTAT 107
Eighteenth-century exploration 108
The first explorers (1741-83) 108
Zaikov and other Russian expeditions to the mainland (1783-88) 112
LaPerouse (1786) 114
Dixon (1787) 123
Colnett (1788) 128
Ismailov and Bocharov (1788) 132
Douglas (1788) 138
Malaspina (1791) 139
Vancouver (1794) 153
The Russians 158
Shelikhov's "Glory of Russia," and Baranov (1792-93) 158
Purtov and Kulikalov (1794) 161
"Novo Rossiysk" (1795-1801) 166
Revolt of the Tlingit: Sitka (1802-04) 170
Revolt of the Tlingit: Yakutat (1805-06) 173
Yakutat (1806-67) 176
Under the American flag 180
The first years (1867-80) 180
The first surveys (1880-84) 184
Schwatka and Seton-Karr (1886) 187
Topham (1888) 194
Miners, missionaries, and the U.S.S. Rush (1888-90) 197
The conquest of Mount Saint Elias and the end of an era (1890-1900) 201

MYTH, LEGEND AND MEMORY: THE NATIVE HISTORIES OF YAKUTAT 209
Setting the stage 210
Myth and history 210
Tribe and sib 211
Foreign peoples 213
Sibs among the Gulf of Alaska peoples, or important to their history 217
Historical narratives 230
Introduction 230
The history of Yakutat 231
Other versions of the Kwacliqwan migration story 236
Further tales about Knight Island and Xatgawet 242
The story of the CAnkuqedi 248
The story of the Teqwedi 251
The story of the Garyix-Kagwantan 254
Wars with the Aleuts 256
The first ship at Lituya Bay 258
The defeat of the Russians 259
War between the Tl'uknaxAdi and the Tl'axayik-Teqwedi 261
The story of Gusex and the fate of the Dry Bay people 270
Smallpox 277
The war between the Kagwantan and the Cx-Atqwan 279
An averted war with the Tsimshian 284
Geological changes in the Yakutat area 286
History of the Frog House: trouble between the Tl'uknaxAdi and the KiksAdi at Sitka 288


YAKUTAT HOUSES 293
Aboriginal dwellings and other structures 294
Meaning of the house 294
The aboriginal winter house 295
Three old houses 300
Smoke houses 302
Camps 304
Caches 305
Bathhouses 305
House furnishings 306
Domestic life 309
Camps and houses in the 18th century 310
Houses in Lituya Bay, 1786 310
Houses in Yakutat Bay, 1787, 1788 311
Houses in Yakutat Bay, 1791 311
Houses and camps in the 19th century 313
Houses on Khantaak Island, 1886-90 313
Eyak Houses at Kayak, Controller Bay, 1886 313
Bark shelters, Disenchantment Bay, 1899 314
History of Yakutat houses 315
Tcicqedi and Garyix-Kagwantan houses west of Cape Yakataga 315
Knight Island houses 316
Nessudat houses 316
Diyaguna 'Et houses 316
Ahrnklin River houses 317
Tl'uknaxAdi houses on Johnson Slough 317
Dry Bay houses 318
Khantaak Island houses 319
Situk houses 320
Houses in the Old Village 321
Yakutat: the present town 326
The future 327

TRAVEL AND TRADE 329
Canoes 330
Introduction 330
Skin boats 330
Dugouts of the 18th century 332
Modern Yakutat dugouts 335
Snowshoes and sleds 345
Trade 346
Introduction 346
Travel and trade with the west .. 348
Travel and trade with the interior 350
Travel and trade with the south 351
Values in exchange 352
Coppers 353
Trade etiquette 354
Motives for travel and trade 356

MAKING A LIVING 359
Hunting and fishing 360
The annual cycle 360
Control of territories 361
Religious aspects 361
Land mammals 364
Weapons 367
Traps and snares 370
Sea mammals 373
Fishing 381
Food and its preparation 391
Introduction 391
Food in the 18th and 19th centuries 393
Meat of land animals 394
Birds and birds' eggs 395
Seal meat 395
Meat of other sea mammals 398
Fish 399
"Beach food" 403
Plant food 405
Some native recipes for modern foods 410
Tobacco and intoxicants 410
Native manufactures 412
Raw materials 412
Men's tools 413
Domestic utensils 416
Wooden boxes 419
Pottery 420
Women's tools 421
Skin dressing and sewing 423
Skin containers 426
Matting and cordage 427
Baskets 427
Chilkat blankets 431
Dress and decoration 432
Aboriginal clothing 432
Dress at Yakutat 435
Ceremonial costumes 439
Personal adornment and grooming 444

THE SOCIAL WORLD 449
Sibs and crests 450
Sib and moiety 450
Sib individuality 451
Yakutat crests 452
Ownership of crests 453
Types of crests 455
Validation of crests 457
Alienation of crests and crest objects 458
Sib characteristics 461
Social position 461
Aristocrats and commoners 461
Slaves 469
Chiefs and slaves in the 18th century 474
Kinship 475
The basic terms 475
Grandparents and grandchildren 476
Parents and children, father's brother and mother's sister 478
Maternal uncles and their sister's children. 479
Paternal aunts and their brother's children 481
Brothers and sisters 482
Sib-children 485
Husbands and wives 488
Mothers-in-law and fathers-in-law 492
Brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law 494

THE LIFE CYCLE 497
Birth 498
Introduction 498
Personal characteristics believed determined at birth 499
Pregnancy 500
Childbirth 500
Infancy 502
Care of the baby 502
Magic for babies 506
Childhood 507
Small children 507
Discipline 508
Education 512
Food taboos 514
Children's games and toys 515
Growing up 516
Training of boys 516
Adolescent girls 518
Premarital sex knowledge and illegitimate babies 523
Maturity 524
The missionary's views on marriage at Yakutat 524
Marriage 524
Adult life 527
Old age 529
Death 531
Death ceremonies 531
The corpse 532
The smoking feast 533
Cremation 534
The mourners 536
The end of mourning 538
Graves in the 18th century 539
Graves of the late 19th century and modern times 542
Modern funerals 545

RECREATION AND ART: GAMES AND MUSIC 551
Introduction 552
Games 553
Gambling games 553
Stick drawing game 554
Hand game or "stick game" 555
Chair dice 555
Stick tossing game 556
Quoits 556
Chess and checkers 557
Bingo 557
Tops 558
Contests 558
Fourth of July canoe races 559
Cat's cradles 559
Music 560
Songs 560
18th-century singing 561
Recording Yakutat songs 564
Character of Tlingit songs 565
Dancing 567
Categories of songs 568
Poetic imagery in songs 572
Acquiring and composing songs 574

WAR AND PEACE 579
War 580
Types of wars 580
Maj or wars and military alliances 580
Causes for war 581
Preparations for war 582
The wTar party 583
Victory and defeat 584
Arms and armor 585
The warrior and his accouterments 585
Weapons 588
The warrior's costume 590
Peace and justice 592
The meaning of peace 592
Preliminaries to the peace ceremony 593
Restitution and retribution: evening the score 594
The peace ceremony: seizing the 'deer' 596
The peace ceremony: the role of the 'deer' 598
The peace ceremony: naming and dressing the 'deer' 599
The peace ceremony: eight nights dancing 601
The end of the peace ceremony 602
Summary of known peace ceremonies 603

THE POTLATCH 605
Introduction 606
The Yakutat conception of the potlatch 606
Functions of the potlatch 606
Types of potlatch 607
Preliminary feasts 608
The major potlatch 610
Summary 610
Purposes of the potlatch 611
Rivalry at the potlatch 613
Beginning the potlatch 616
Preparations 616
Arrival of the guests 619
Entertainment at the potlatch 623
Feasts before the potlatch 623
Singing and dancing by the guests 624
Feasting 627
Special shows by the hosts 627
The potlatch proper 629
The hosts 629
Honoring individuals 634
Paying the guests 638
Feasting and dancing after the potlatch 642
"Potlatches" for insults or to shame a rival 643
Reports of potlatches 644
The Tl'uknaxAdi potlatch in Dry Bay, 1909 644
The Teqwedi potlatch in Yakutat, 1910 646
A missionary's account of Yakutat potlatches 650
A layman's comments on a potlatch 651

CURES, MEDICINES AND AMULETS 653
Surgical techniques 655
Medical plants 655
Medicines for external use 655
Medicines for internal use 657
Medicines with great power 657
Magical plants and amulets 659
Other amulets 664
The land otter hair amulet 667

SHAMANISM 669
Introduction 670
The shaman 670
Known shamans 671
Becoming a shaman 673
The death of a shaman and the new shaman 673
Receiving the call 675
The quest 676
Cutting tongues 678
Subsequent retreats and the first seance 681
The shaman's spirits 682
The shaman and his paraphernalia 683
Regimen 683
Personal appearance 684
The shaman's "outfit" 685
Costume 687
Masks, maskettes and headdresses 690
Other paraphernalia 695
Spirit intrusions 699
The shaman and his powers 701
Introduction 701
The shaman's assistants 702
Inspiration 702
Spirit warnings 703
Sending the spirit for news 703
Ghostly visits 704
Power demonstrations 704
Rivalry 706
Curing the sick 708
Minor ailments 709
Epidemics 710
Stories about shamans 710
Xatgawet as shaman 710
How a man acquired land otter spirits 712
How a man acquired disease spirits 712
Daxodzu, the female shaman 712
How QA-taxetl became a shaman 713
The female shaman, Cakwe, and the chief who stabbed his nephews 714
How a Wrangell shaman was defeated 715
Further reminiscences of Tef-'ic 715
Refusing the call 719
A young man refuses to become a shaman 719
A woman refuses the call 720
White men's views of Yakutat shamanism 720
A Yakutat shaman, 1886 720
A missionary's account of Yakutat shamanism 722
The shamanistic legacy 723
"The Shouters in Alaska" (1890) 724
Native accounts of the "Shouters" 725

WITCHES AND LAND OTTER MEN 727
Witchcraft 728
Witches 728
Activities of witches 730
Origin of witches 733
Identifying the witch and destroying his power 735
Witchcraft stories 738
The girl who witched herself 738
Haida methods: the woman who witched her own son 739
The witching of ^adane& and his relatives 739
The witching of Sitka Ned 740
The witching of Jack 743
Witchcraft accusations 743
Land Otter Men 744
Fear of land otters 744
Capture by land otters and protection from them 745
Land Otter Men 747
Present beliefs about land otters 748
Stories about Land Otter Men 749
The story of Qaki 749
The girls who had Land Otter Men as lovers 750
Two little boys rescued from the Land Otter People 751
A boy rescued from land otters 752
Nfeintel rescued from land otters 752
idaxin and the land otters 753
The drowned woman 754
A girl captured by land otters 754
Small boys saved by dogs 755
Two boys lost in the woods 755
Adventures of White men with Land Otter Men 755

THE TLINGIT INDIVIDUAL 757
The body 758
Sleep and dreams 759
Body parts and functions 760
Symbolism of the body in art and language 761
Reified body parts and functions 763
The tree of life 764
Afterlife and the spirit 765
The "soul" and the "ghost" 765
Forms of death 766
The story of 'Askadut who visited the land of the dead 767
The disease boat 769
Afterlife in Kiwa'a 770
"Dog Heaven" 771
Visits to the land of the dead 772
The Chilkat man who visited Kiwa'a 772
The man who visited Kiwa'a 773
Death and reincarnation of Qawusa 773
Death and reincarnation of 'AsdjiwAn and his partner 774
Reincarnation of Joseph 775
The story of Lxakunik who visited the land of the dead 775
Reincarnation 776
Insuring reincarnation 777
Choosing one's parents 778
Choosing one's sex 779
Multiple souls 779
Rebirth in the wrong sib 780
Names 781
Real names 781
Naming the child 782
Namesakes 783
Teknonymy 784
"Big names" 785
Pet names and nicknames 787
Origin of names 787
Conclusion: personal identity 788

MAN AND THE FORCES OF NATURE 791
Cosmology 792
The earth 792
The sky 795
Sun, moon, and stars 796
Space and time 797
Spatial orientation and measurement 797
Temporal orientation 798
Divisions of the year 799
Counting days 801
Divisions of the day 801
The weather 803
Predicting the weather 803
Animals associated with the weather 804
The winds 804
Weather taboos 805
Bringing fair weather 806
Divination 807
The forces of nature 808
A statement of problems 808
18th-century observations 809
Swanton 's contribution 810
The Spirit Above 812
Fate, moral law, taboo, and luck 813
God 815
Spirits and beings in the world 816
Monsters and wealth-bringing beings 820
Manufactured objects 822
Plants 822
The world of animals 823
Animal souls 823
Attitudes toward annuals 824
Totem animals and other animals 825
Dogs 832
Conclusion: the ordering of the world 833
Totemism 833
The world of spirits 835

MYTHS AND TALES 837
Introduction 838
The Raven Cycle 839
Three connected versions of the Raven Cycle 844
Isolated incidents of the Raven Cycle 857
Other myths and tales 873
The children of the sun 873
The story of Lgayal" 875
The story of Kats who married a bear 879
The story of the woman who married a bear 880
The story of the woman who married a bear and comments on the story of Kats 882
The story of the woman who raised the worm 883
The man who married Fair Weather's daughter 883
The story of Tl'EnAxxidAq 884
Stories about hemlock child and spruce root child 885
The story of the blind man and the loon 888
The story of salmon boy 889
The story of black skin 890
Wolverine man 892
The story of the girls who stole mountain goat tallow 892
The story of the girl who turned into an owl 893
The braggart gambler 894
Legend of glaciers at Yakutat 894
The moral of Chief Shakes 894
The lying and truthful brothers in Sitka 895
Stories about a transvestite 895
The visitor to Yakutat 897
The race between the fox and the crab 897
A story about the big-breasted woman 897
The land otter's halibut hook 897
About the land far out to sea 898
The story of a Copper River potlatch 898
The discovery of copper 890
The true story of the discovery of gold 900

LITERATURE CITED 903

ILLUSTRATIONS Page
1. Mount Saint Elias 22
2. Mount Fairweather 23
3. LituyaBay 25
4. A native chief and woman of Port Mulgrave, 1843 178
5. "Princess Thorn" 192
6. Eagle Fort 264
7. Spearhead and log 265
8. Front of Bear House 295
9. Aboriginal winter house, Yakutat 296
10. Bear Paw House, Lost River Landing 299
11. Beaver House, Kahliak River, detail of roof 300
12. Winter house 300
13. Diagram of Kagwantan Box House, Dry Bay, 1903-07 301
14. Diagram of the Teqwedi Bear House, Khantaak Island, 1886 301
15. Diagram of the Teqwedi Coward House, Situk, 1888 302
16. Diagram of the Teqwedi Coward House
, Situk, 1885 302
17. Smokehouse, 1949 303 18. Smokehouse, 1949 304
19. Smokehouse 304
20. Smokehouse 304
21. Log cabin 305
22. "Primitive bark shelter, Yakutat Bay" 314
23. Yakutat dug-out canoe and two-hole baidarka, 1791 334
24. Boats at Nuchek, Prince William Sound, 1887 335
25. Yakutat canoe and paddles, 1788 335
26. Yakutat canoes - 336
27. "Yakutat sealing canoe," 1899 339
28. Modern Yakutat "canoe" 345
29. Traditional shape of the copper 354
30. Bow and arrow 368
31. Arrowheads 369
32. Figure-four trap for weasels 370
33. Deadfall for fox, lynx, and wolverine 371
34. Snare for foxes 371
35. Snare for foxes 372
36. Snare for bear 372
37. Snare for brown bear 372
38. Snare for bear 372
39. Harpoon for seals, sea otter, and fish 377
40. Flattened butt of seal harpoon shaft 377
41. Iron harpoon heads 385
42. Fish spearing device 385
43. Oelachon trap 387
44. Halibut hooks 389
45. Halibut hook 390
46. "Flensing seal hide, Yakutat Bay," 1899 396
47. Method of cutting salmon for drying 400
48. Bundle of dried fish tied up for storage 401
49. Hand hammers or pestles 417
50. Ulus 421
51. Curved iron scraper 422
52. Halibut skin bag 426
53. Spruce root rainhat and gutskin rain shirt 436
54. Patterns for beaded moccasin tops 438
55. ThikwaxAdi man's dance shirt 440
56. Button blankets 442
57. Headdress 443
58. Face stamps 447
59. Baby carrier 503
60. Baby hammock 504
61. Tlingit child in hammock 505
62. Chair die 556
63. Carved wooden chessmen 557
64. Tlingit song recorded in Lituya Bay, 1786 560
65. Song recorded in Sitka Sound, 1787 562
66. Metal daggers from Port Mulgrave 586
67. War pick 588
68. Design for war bonnet 591
69. Face painting for peace hostages 600
70. Positions of hosts and guests at Tacqwan potlatch 625
71. Positions of hosts and guests at Teqwedi potlatch 631
72. Shaman's headdress and false beard 694
73. Shaman's false beard and headdress as worn 695
74. Shaman's prophetic bone 697

MAPS                                                         page
1. The Yakutat Tlingit and their neighbors 14
2. The Gulf Coast of Alaska facing 17
3. Ice fronts and coast line, A.D. 600-1290 26
4. Ice fronts and coast line, A.D. 1700-1791 26
5. Hypothetical extension of glaciers during ice-flood stage 27
6. Yakutat Bay facing 59
7. Southeastern shore of Yakutat Bay 60
8. Yakutat Harbor facing 63
9. Yakutat Bay to the Alsek River 72
10. Monti Bay to Black Sand Island 73
11. Yakutat to the Alsek River Delta facing 79
12. The Alsek River 88
13. Dry Bay to Cross Sound facing 91
14. Lituya Bay 92
15. The Mount Saint Elias Region 96
16. Malespina Glacier to Cape Suckling facing 99
17. Controller Bay facing 101
18. Lituya Bay, from LaPerouse 118
19. Port Mulgrave as surveyed by Dixon 124
20. Route of Malaspina's explorations, 1791 140
21. Port Mulgrave as surveyed by Malaspina 142
22. Disenchantment Bay as surveyed by Malaspina 148
23. Yakutat Bay to Iituya Bay, 1849 160
24. Yakutat Bay to Cape Suckling, 1849 162
25. Yakutat Bay, 1849 168
26. Lituya Bay, 1849 179

Part 3

PLATES (listed on page 915) 918

APPENDIX (song titles listed on page xlvii) 1149
Index of Yakutat Tape Recordings 1370

INDEX 1375

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